Malnutrition occurs when there is a lack of nutrients in the diet, or poor absorption of nutrients due to illness, starts to affect a person’s health.^1,2 People who are at increased risk of malnutrition include the elderly, people with low appetite, and those with illnesses that increase nutritional needs such as cancer, HIV and kidney failure.¹ Malnutrition can lead to unwanted weight loss, reduction in the size and strength of muscles, and can impact a person’s mental health.^1,2 Malnutrition can also prolong stays in hospital and affect a person’s quality of life,^1,2 so it’s important to know what the signs of malnutrition are and what to do about it.

Malnutrition is common among older people, and some of the reasons for this include reduced senses of smell and taste we age, dental problems that make it more difficult to chew and swallow, and the social isolation that some older people experience.³ Weight loss is a sign of malnutrition, but it isn’t always obvious, so you should be mindful of other signs of malnutrition in those you care for such as hair loss, pale skin, mental confusion and poor wound healing.^1,2

One of the most important things you can do to prevent malnutrition in somone you care for is to make sure they are eating a healthy diet including a wide variety of fresh foods.^4,5 However, getting enough nutrients through diet alone isn’t easy for everyone.⁴ For people whose diet might not provide everything they need, oral nutritional supplements – specialty products rich in energy, protein and other nutrients – can be a helpful way to ensure they get the nutrition they need.^2-4

If you think somone you care for needs help with their nutrition or might benefit from nutritional supplements, talk to their dietitian or healthcare professional.

References

1. Dietitians Association of Australia. Malnutrition – who is at risk and things to consider. Available from: https://dietitiansaustralia.org.au/smart-eating-for-you/smart-eating-fast-facts/medical/malnutrition-who-is-at-risk-and-things-to-consider/. Accessed 22 February 2021.

2. Roberts HC, et al. Nutrients 2019;11:808.

3. Flanagan D, et al. Aust Fam Physician 2012;41:695-9.

4. Australian Government Department of Health. Food Supplements. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/food-supplements. Accessed 22 February 2021.

5. National Health and Medical Research Council. Australian Dietary Guidelines Summary. Available from: https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/The%20Guidelines/n55a_australian_dietary_guidelines_summary_131014_1.pdf. Accessed 24 February 2021.

ANZ.2021.12887.AND.1 (v1.1)